Life Neuroscience

The brain architecture, once thought to be dominated by neurons, has revealed an equally compelling role played by neuroglia. Initially perceived as merely supportive entities, glial cells have emerged as crucial contributors to brain functionality and integrity. This review highlights the pivotal roles of principal CNS neuroglial cells astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in shaping synaptic plasticity, cognition, and behavior. It then highlights their critical role in the pathology of cognitive and behavioral disorders and sheds light on novel glial cell-targeting interventions for treating such conditions. This review expands our comprehension of brain function and stresses the critical importance of glial cells in future neurological and psychiatric research and treatment strategies. The emphasis on glial cells opens up new pharmacological frontiers, offering hope for more effective remedies for neurological and psychiatric conditions where current treatments have limited success.